Reference

Web Dev & AI Tools Guide

From zero — HTML, CSS, JS — to frameworks, the Claude/Anthropic stack, and a grouped reference of every tool worth knowing.
28Plain-English terms
10Frameworks compared
9Tool groups
54Tools listed

Pick a topic to start

7 chapters, from your first HTML file to Claude in your own app.

Plain-English stack map

The entire modern web stack in plain language — what each piece does, an everyday analogy, and a one-line way to remember it. This covers ~80–90% of what you'll meet building apps like this hub.

Frontend — what users see

  • HTML

    Builds the structure of the website.

    🟰 Like: The skeleton of a house.

    💡 HTML = builds the website.

  • CSS

    Makes the website look beautiful.

    🟰 Like: Clothes and paint for the house.

    💡 CSS = decorates the website.

  • JavaScript

    Makes the website move and do things.

    🟰 Like: Muscles that make the body move.

    💡 JS = makes the website interactive.

  • Next.js

    Organizes and builds the whole app.

    🟰 Like: The project manager building the entire house.

    💡 Next.js = builds the whole app.

  • Tailwind CSS

    A faster way to write CSS.

    🟰 Like: A paint roller instead of a paintbrush.

    💡 Tailwind = faster CSS.

Backend — behind the scenes

  • Node.js

    Runs the app's brain on the server.

    🟰 Like: The kitchen where food is cooked.

    💡 Node.js = runs the app.

  • API

    Lets two apps talk to each other.

    🟰 Like: A telephone between two friends.

  • REST API

    A common way apps send information.

    🟰 Like: Sending letters through the mail.

  • GraphQL

    Ask only for the information you need.

    🟰 Like: Ordering only the toppings you want on your pizza.

Database — stores information

  • Supabase

    Stores users, passwords, files, and app data.

    🟰 Like: A giant filing cabinet.

    💡 Supabase = stores data.

  • Prisma

    Helps your app talk to the database.

    🟰 Like: A translator between your app and the database.

    💡 Prisma = database translator.

  • ORM

    Makes databases easier to use from code.

    🟰 Like: A helper that translates database language.

Hosting — put your app online

  • Vercel

    Puts your website on the internet.

    🟰 Like: Opening your store so everyone can visit.

    💡 Vercel = publishes your website.

  • Railway / Render

    Runs your backend online.

    🟰 Like: A factory working 24/7.

  • AWS / GCP / Azure

    Giant cloud computers that run big apps.

    🟰 Like: Renting a huge building instead of building your own.

    💡 Cloud = powerful computers on the internet.

Development tools

  • Docker

    Packs your app so it works anywhere.

    🟰 Like: Packing all your toys into one box before traveling.

    💡 Docker = packs your app.

  • GitHub

    Stores your code online.

    🟰 Like: A library for your projects.

  • Git

    Saves every change you make to your code.

    🟰 Like: A magic undo button.

  • CLI

    Control your computer by typing commands.

    🟰 Like: Talking directly to your computer.

  • Extension

    Adds new features to VS Code.

    🟰 Like: Installing a new app on your phone.

AI terms

  • LLM

    An AI that understands and writes text.

    🟰 Like: A super-smart robot teacher.

  • Context Window

    How much the AI can remember in one conversation.

    🟰 Like: Short-term memory.

  • Token

    Small pieces of words the AI reads.

    🟰 Like: LEGO blocks that make sentences.

  • Closed Source

    You can use it, but can't see how it's built (Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini).

    🟰 Like: A dish you order but never get the recipe for.

  • Open Weights

    Anyone can download the model and run it themselves (Gemma, Qwen, DeepSeek); licences vary.

    🟰 Like: Taking the finished cake home — though not always the full recipe.

  • SWE-Bench

    A coding exam for AI models.

    🟰 Like: A report card for AI programmers.

Networking

  • Webhook

    Automatically sends information when something happens.

    🟰 Like: A doorbell that rings by itself.

  • JSON

    A way computers organize and share information.

    🟰 Like: A form with labels and answers.

The modern website flow

  1. 1. Uservisits your site
  2. 2. HTMLbuilds the structure
  3. 3. CSS / Tailwindmakes it beautiful
  4. 4. JavaScriptadds movement & interaction
  5. 5. Next.jsbuilds the whole application
  6. 6. Node.jsruns the backend
  7. 7. Prismatalks to the database
  8. 8. Supabasestores all the data
  9. 9. Vercelputs the app online
  10. 10. AWS / GCP / Azureused when your app gets very big

One sentence to remember

HTML builds it. CSS (or Tailwind) makes it beautiful. JavaScript makes it interactive. Next.js organizes the whole app. Node.js runs the backend. Prisma talks to the database. Supabase stores the data. Vercel publishes it online. AWS/GCP/Azure help it grow when millions of people use it.

The web basics — HTML, CSS, JavaScript

The three foundations of every website — even the most complex apps still use HTML + CSS + JS under the hood. You don't need a framework to start.

HTML

Structure

HyperText Markup Language

The skeleton of a webpage. It defines what content exists — headings, paragraphs, buttons, images, links. It doesn't style or animate anything, just labels the content.

<h1> headings<p> text<div> boxes<img><a> links

CSS

Style

Cascading Style Sheets

The skin and clothing — colors, fonts, spacing, layout, animations. Without CSS everything is plain black text on white. CSS is what makes things look designed.

colorsfontsflex / gridanimationsresponsive

JavaScript

Behavior

The programming language of the browser

The muscles — moving content, sending data, opening modals, loading content without a page refresh. Every interactive behavior on the web is powered by JS.

click eventsfetch / APIDOMlogic

Analogy

HTML = the bones of a person · CSS = the skin and clothes · JavaScript = the muscles and brain. For a simple landing page, HTML + CSS is all you need. Add JS only when you want a button or element to actually do something.

landing-page.html
<!-- Simplest possible landing page — zero frameworks needed --><html>  <head>    <style>      body   { font-family: sans-serif; background: #0a0a0f; color: white; }      h1     { font-size: 3rem; color: #f6cb1f; }      button { padding: 12px 28px; background: #f6cb1f; }    </style>  </head>  <body>    <h1>My Landing Page</h1>    <p>Zero frameworks. Pure HTML + CSS.</p>    <button onclick="alert('It works!')">Click me</button>  </body></html><!-- ^ This is a complete website. Open in any browser. Done. -->

When do you actually need more?

Match what you're building to the smallest stack that does the job.

What you're buildingMinimum neededFramework?Database?
Landing page / portfolioHTML + CSS✗ No✗ No
Blog / content siteHTML + CSS + JS~ Optional✗ No
Contact formHTML + JS + Formspree✗ No✗ No
E-commerce storeShopify or Next.js✓ Yes✓ Yes
SaaS app with loginNext.js + Supabase✓ Yes✓ Yes
Real-time chat / dashboardNext.js + Supabase + Node✓ Yes✓ Yes
AI-powered appNext.js + Anthropic API✓ Yes~ Depends

CSS frameworks — so you don't write CSS from scratch

Pre-made styles to move faster. None are required — they're just convenient.

Tailwind CSS

Most popular

Utility classes — no CSS file needed

You don't write a CSS file. You compose classes directly in your markup: className="flex bg-black text-white p-4 rounded". Very fast to prototype; the trade-off is busy-looking markup.

utility-firstno CSS fileReact-friendly

Bootstrap

Classic

Pre-built components — buttons, nav, grid

Older but still widely used. Ready-made components (navbars, modals, cards). Easy for beginners, but Bootstrap sites tend to look alike. Works in plain HTML — no React needed.

componentsbeginner-friendlyplain HTML ok

Plain CSS / Variables

Write it yourself — full control

Zero dependencies. Slower to start but smaller files, more unique design, nothing extra to learn. The right choice for simple sites — this hub's base styles work this way.

zero dependencyfull controlsmallest file size

shadcn/ui

Trending

Copy-paste components built on Tailwind

Not an installed library — you copy-paste the component code into your project. Built on Tailwind + Radix. Extremely clean design. Used by most modern Next.js + React projects.

copy-pasteReact onlyTailwind-based

JavaScript frameworks — for complex apps

When an app grows — many pages, components, shared state — plain JS gets messy. Frameworks keep it organized and scalable.

React

Most used

by Meta — component-based UI library

Component-based UI library. Not a full framework — you add routing and data fetching yourself. The base of Next.js. Highest job-market demand of any frontend tool.

componentsJSXhuge ecosystem

Next.js

Dominant

by Vercel — React with superpowers

React + routing + server rendering + API routes in one. Deploy to Vercel in minutes. The most popular production React framework. Use it when you need frontend AND backend (this hub uses it).

SSR / SSGAPI routesVercel-optimized

Vue.js

Gentle

Gentler learning curve than React

Easier to learn than React, with cleaner syntax. Popular with smaller teams. Nuxt.js is its Next.js equivalent. Smaller ecosystem than React.

beginner-friendlyNuxt.jsclean syntax

Svelte / SvelteKit

No virtual DOM — compiles to vanilla JS

Newer and faster than React. No runtime library — it compiles to plain JS, so bundles are smaller. SvelteKit is its Next.js equivalent. Growing fast.

compiledfastsmall bundle

Remix

Next.js competitor from the React Router team

An alternative to Next.js — strong at form handling and data loading. Now merged with React Router v7. Good if you want to avoid Vercel lock-in.

formsno lock-inReact-based

Astro

Content sites

Ships zero JS by default — super fast

Ships HTML-only by default, so it's blazing fast. Add React/Vue/Svelte components only where needed. Perfect for blogs, docs, and marketing sites — not heavy web apps.

content siteszero JS defaultislands

The Claude / Anthropic stack

How to put Claude inside your own app — the most relevant AI stack for building an AI-powered site or tool.

Claude Hub

Minimum stack to build an app with Claude inside

Next.jsFrontend + APIAnthropic SDKTalk to ClaudeVercelDeploySupabaseSave user dataTailwindStylingAuth.js / ClerkUser login
  1. 1

    Anthropic API

    api.anthropic.com

    The core. You send messages to Claude and get responses, via REST or the SDK. Free credits to start; then pay-per-token (more tokens = higher cost).

  2. 2

    Anthropic SDK (Node / Python)

    npm / pip

    The official library that makes the API easy. `npm install @anthropic-ai/sdk`, then talk to Claude in a few lines. Supports streaming so responses appear word by word. Version 1.0 (October 2026) has breaking changes, so check older tutorials against the current docs.

  3. 3

    Claude models — Haiku · Sonnet · Opus · Fable

    choose model

    Claude Haiku 5.5 = cheapest & fastest, for simple high-volume steps. Claude Sonnet 5.5 = balanced price and quality for production apps. Claude Opus 5.5 = the model Anthropic's docs recommend starting with for most work. Claude Fable 5.1 = the flagship, for the hardest reasoning and long-running agents (pricier).

  4. 4

    Claude Code (CLI)

    terminal

    Anthropic's terminal tool. Claude lives in your terminal — reads files, writes code, runs commands. Like an AI developer next to you. (This hub was built with it.)

  5. 5

    MCP — Model Context Protocol

    open standard

    An open standard, created by Anthropic and now hosted by the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation, for connecting AI apps to external tools — GoHighLevel, GitHub, Supabase, Slack. Gives Claude live data and actions, not just text.

  6. 6

    Prompt engineering

    platform.claude.com/docs

    The craft of writing instructions for Claude — system prompt, user message, history. Better prompt = better output. A skill worth learning.

claude-call.ts
// Simplest Claude API call in a Next.js API routeimport Anthropic from "@anthropic-ai/sdk";const client = new Anthropic({ apiKey: process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY });// No temperature / top_p: API version 2026-10-21 rejects them. Steer with the prompt.const message = await client.messages.create({  model: "claude-sonnet-5-5",  max_tokens: 1024,  messages: [{ role: "user", content: "Explain React in simple terms" }],});// message.content[0].text  →  Claude's answer

All tools — quick reference

The whole ecosystem, grouped by what each tool is for — pick one per row as you build.

Dev Tools Universe

Hosting / Deploy

  • Vercel — Best for Next.js · free tier
  • Netlify — Great for static sites
  • Railway — Backend servers
  • Render — Free-tier backends
  • GitHub Pages — Free · static only
  • Cloudflare Pages — Fast, free, global

Database

  • Supabase — Postgres + auth + realtime
  • PlanetScale — Serverless MySQL
  • Neon — Serverless Postgres
  • MongoDB Atlas — NoSQL · flexible
  • Turso — SQLite at the edge
  • Firebase — Google NoSQL · realtime

Auth / Login

  • Clerk — Easiest drop-in auth
  • Auth.js — Free · open source
  • Supabase Auth — Built-in with the DB
  • Firebase Auth — Easy Google login
  • Lucia — Lightweight · DIY
  • NextAuth — → now Auth.js

Payments

  • Stripe — Industry standard · PH ok
  • LemonSqueezy — Merchant of Record
  • Paddle — SaaS-focused
  • PayMongo — PH · GCash / Maya
  • Xendit — SE-Asian payments
  • DragonPay — PH banking

Email

  • Resend — Dev-friendly · cheap
  • SendGrid — Enterprise scale
  • Mailgun — API-first email
  • Postmark — Transactional email
  • React Email — Build emails in React
  • Nodemailer — DIY · Node.js

AI APIs

  • Anthropic — Claude — strong at coding & agents
  • OpenAI — GPT-6 Astra (flagship) · GPT-6.1 Sol / GPT-6 Luna for cost
  • Google AI — Gemini 3.8 Flash — cheap at scale, free tier
  • Groq — Fast open-model inference
  • Replicate — Run open models via API
  • Together AI — Cheap open-model API

Dev Tools

  • GitHub — Code storage + CI/CD
  • Cursor — AI code editor
  • Postman — Test APIs
  • Prisma — Database ORM
  • Zod — TypeScript validation
  • ESLint / Prettier — Lint + formatting

Package Managers

  • npm — Default Node manager
  • pnpm — Faster · less disk
  • bun — Fastest · all-in-one
  • yarn — Old reliable
  • pip — Python packages
  • cargo — Rust packages

No-Code / Low-Code

  • Webflow — Visual website builder
  • Framer — Design + publish
  • Bubble — Full no-code web app
  • Notion — Docs + simple sites
  • Carrd — Simple landing pages
  • Lovable / Bolt — AI generates a full app

Complete developer reference · HTML → AI stacks · grouped for clarity